SOIL
Soil types of the area are more important, since it is the main criteria in the agricultural production and in the recharge of ground water .Different types of soils are derived from a wide range of geological formation .knowledge about the types of soils, their extent and occurrence is of primary importance for agricultural planning to maximize production and for the ground water recharge. A soil map of Ariyalur district based on the surveys conducted by soil testing laboratory three types...
21:42
Anonymous
GEOMORPHOLOGY
Geomorphology maps help to identify the various geomorphic units and groundwater occurrence in each unit. Selected and limited field checks are carried out in the field to verify the different geomorphic units.
An overall appraisal of ground water occurrence in each geomorphic unit and the significance of its hydro geological characters are furnished with groundwater potential. Even though the groundwater potential zones are demarcated based on subsequent field checks, the present...
21:40
Anonymous
APPLICATION OF GIS
Integrated remote sensing and GIS can provide the appropriate platform for convergent analysis of diverse data sets for decision making in groundwater management and planning. A geographic information system (GIS) is also known as geospatial information system. It is a system for capturing, storing, analyzing and managing data and associated attributes which are spatially referenced to the Earth. GIS is used for spatial modelling of rainfall runoff and to prepare the data for...
21:24
Anonymous
NanoTechnology
Well-dispersed nanoparticies increase the viscosity of the liquid phase, which helps to suspend the cement grains and aggregates, which, in turn, improves the segregation resistance and workability of the system.
• Nanoparticies fill the voids between cement grains, which results in immobilization of free water (filler effect).
• Well-dispersed nanoparticies act as centers of crystallization of the cement hydrates, which accelerates the hydration.
• Nanoparticies favor the fomiation...
21:12
Anonymous
ELECTROSPINNING METHOD
Electrospinning is a unique approach using electrostatic forces to produce fine fibers. Electrostatic precipitators and pesticide sprayers are many of the well known applications that work exactly like the electrospinning technique. Electrospun fibers have small pore size and high expanse. There is also evidence of sizable static charges in the electrospun fibers that is effectively handled to produce three-dimensional houses. The apparatus used for electrospinning is straightforward...
21:10
Anonymous
TITANIUM DIOXIDE
Titanium dioxide itself doesn't have toxicity to microbe and the cell. Only after the irradiation of light for instance fluorescent or UV light, normal mineral Ti02 activates its one of a kind photo catalytic properties. In the presence of light and humid inside air, titanium dioxide oxidizes, converts complex organic molecules into water and co2 fractional laser. Photo catalytic power of titanium dioxide productively destroys bacteria cell's wall and it is membrane, and reacts...
21:08
Anonymous
CUORE CONCRETE NANO-SILICA
The mixing of nano silica throughout concrete physics, chemistry and new nanotechnology advances, the challenge has been fulfilled. Lab tests and production tests proved the nano silica did not ruin (because its state), but it also produced better results than small silica, and a litre bottle on the product was equivalent to a barrel packed with micro silica, extra cement along with super plasticizing additives. Silica (SiCte) is present in conventional concrete included...
21:05
Anonymous
NANO-SENSORS
Strain sensors are a fundamental piece of mueh of the lab function completed in structuralengineering. Sensors monitor and quantify the behavior of a test specimen, and provide insight into the reasons behind the behavior. In concrete, strain sensors can be converted into three main categories
• External strain sensor
• Strain gage sensor
• Embedded strain gage sensor
The most fundamental category is external strain detectors. These are attached to the outdoors of the specimen...
20:57
Anonymous
TITANIUM DIOXIDE
Titanium dioxide itself doesn't have toxicity to microbe and this cell. Only after the irradiation of light including fluorescent or UV light, normal mineral Ti02 activates its unique photo catalytic properties. In the presence of light and humid from the air, titanium dioxide oxidizes, converts complex organic molecules into water and carbon dioxide. Photo catalytic power of titanium dioxide properly destroys bacteria cell's wall and it is membrane, and reacts with cell's ingredients,...
20:56
Anonymous
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is an emerging interdisciplinary technology that is booming in many areas over the recent decade, including materials science, mechanics, electronics, optics, medicine, pockets, energy, electronics, and aerospace. Its profound societal impact have been considered as the huge momentum to usher in a second industrial revolution.
The "nano" in nanotechnolgy emanates from the Greek word "nanos" actually dwarf. Scientists use this prefix to indicate 10'*' or one-billionth....
10:52
Anonymous
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGER CAREER
Some sort of construction task manager can be a qualified individual that has a degree inside construction administration, civil new or construction science. Being in charge of construction initiatives, he has so that the entire project can be completed by the due date, without going above budgetary restrictions. It is often a high demand job. The director has comprehensive control and is particularly liable pertaining to everything related to the progress...
10:49
Anonymous
Top 10 Tips on Managing Construction Workers , Staff
1. Set obvious direction: Might seem obvious that you should have clear goals and yet almost 40% of employees in Construction companies usually are not sure what their employer expects of them.
2. Link individual goals on the strategy of the company: As a manager you might know what your company is trying to achieve but there's every chance...
10:44
Anonymous
World First Green Shop Made out of Natural Material
A Belgian custom done this
The Belgian designer Ann Demeulemeester’s fashion retail shop from the Gangnam district of South Korea’s funds city Seoul brings some new dimensions towards the Green concept. Seoul which is the second largest metropolitan and a major global city on the planet, can surely boast of this that provides colors to its...
10:40
Anonymous
PRECAUTIONS BEFORE PLACING CONCRETE
INSIDE COLD
If we go for concrete work in general it is not a problem at all, but specially when cold weather comes on all of the sudden. To handle the cold, have everything you will need on hand and review the following pointers:
Frozen ground-NEVER place concrete upon frozen ground or onto snow or snow. First, frozen ground will settle when it thaws,...
04:11
Anonymous
Pervious ConcretePervious concrete (also called porous concrete , permeable tangible, no fines concrete floor and porous pavement) could be a special type of concrete with a high porosity useful for concrete flatwork applications that permits water from precipitation and other sorts of sources to pass directly by using, thereby reducing the runoff for a site and making it possible for groundwater...
01:35
Anonymous
Function of Pile FoundationAs other styles of foundations, the purpose of pile foundations is:– To transmit the buildings loads to the foundations and the ground soil layers whether these loads up and down or inclined– To put in loose cohesion less soil by means of displacement and vibration.– To regulate the settlements; which can be together with surface foundations.– To improve the factor of safety...
19:28
Anonymous
Cavity WallsA couple walls which has a 5 cm in order to 8 cm comprise a hole wall getting cavity between they. The outer wall also referred to as outer leaf, consists of your 10 cm (half brick) heavy wall along with the inner walls is enough thick and also strong to handle the imposed load safety. The minimal thickness within the inner wall is fixed to 10 cm (half brick). The provision on the continuous...
19:18
Anonymous
Erosion of ConcreteErosion is one way of wearing of concrete that is observed hold of flowing water. The water body that benefits erosion may carry solid particles that leads to serious erosion to cement.Another term cavitation is closely related to erosion which will be discussed in the next write-up. Let’s concentrate to this subject matter. We are listing the factors that determine the amount...
06:45
Anonymous
Repair works in ConcreteTo begin with we will learn when structural repair for concrete structure is necessary. The aims of structural repair are to deliver safety to structures, repairing structural defects and bring structure into a stable condition to resist concrete floor member from further deterioration. They are done by increasing stiffness along with strength of structure and protecting against...
01:27
Anonymous
Preservation of TimberAvailability regarding hardwood means safeguarding hardwood coming from fungus in addition to bugs attack to ensure the living is usually elevated. Wooden is to be expert a long time before application regarding preservative chemicals.The following are this popular preservative chemicals:1. Tar2. Paints3. Compound sodium5. Creosote5. ASCO1. Tar:Scorching coal tar is usually...
01:01
Anonymous
Common Area Works1. Staircase and Lift wall to become constructed along with structure.only two. Block work for common place and shafts are completed.3. Power conduiting and box fixing is completed.4. Staircase wall as well as ceiling plastering is completed.5. Lobby area plastering is done.6. Staircase railing and foyer railings are fixed.7. Stairs and common area flooring as well as dadoing (as...
00:29
Anonymous
Properties of Good TimbersColour: It should be uniform.Aroma: It should be pleasant when cut freshly.Soundness: A distinct ringing sound when struck implies the timber is good.Surface: Texture of good timber is okay and even.Grains: In good timber grains are close.Thickness: Higher the density stronger is the timber.Hardness: Harder timbers tend to be strong and...
22:36
Anonymous
CYCLONE RESISTANT BUILDINGSA cyclone is a storm associated with high speed whistling and peaceful winds. It brings torrential down pours. A cyclone storm develops above tropical ocean and blows at speed as high as 200–240 km/hour. It is usually associated with lightning, thunder and continuous downpour of rain. Cyclones extend from a hundred and fifty km to 1200 km in lateral directions with forced...
22:25
Anonymous
Types of EarthquakesDepending upon the probable causes, the earthquakes may continually be classified as:1. Natural earthquakeonly two. Earthquakes due to induced pursuits.Natural EarthquakesNatural earthquakes could possibly be due to(i) active faults(ii) movement of tectonic china or(iii) due to volcanic eruptions. In earth’s crust there are some faults which are not still settled. The displacement...
22:23
Anonymous
GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)Maps are widely-used as the languages of easy geography. Importance of map making is recognised previously. Surveyors went round the land and prepared maps. Data necessary for locating and calculating extent of any place/region is called spatial information.Physical properties and human activities associated with a place/region are stored by means of tables, charts...
22:21
Anonymous
Application of Remote Sensing Various applications of remote sensing could possibly be grouped into the following:1. Reference exploration2. Environmental study3. Land use4. Site investigation5. Archaeological analysis and6. Natural hazards examine.1. Resource Exploration: Geologists use remote sensing to review the formation of sedimentary rocks and identify deposits of varied minerals, detect...
22:17
Anonymous
Use of Total Station and AdvantagesThe instrument is installed on a tripod and is levelled by means of operating levelling screws. Within a smaller range instrument is capable of adjusting itself to the level position. Then vertical and horizontal reference directions are indexed using onboard keys. It may be possible to set required units for distance, temperature and pressure (FPS or perhaps...
22:09
Anonymous
ERRORS IN PLANE TABLE SURVEYINGThe errors could be grouped into the instrumental in addition to personal errors.Instrumental Errors1. The outer lining of plane table not flawlessly plane.2. Bevelled edge connected with alidade not straight.3. Sight vanes of alidade not perfectly perpendicular on the base.4. Plane table clamp currently being loose.5. Magnetic compass currently being sluggish.6. Drawing...
22:05
Anonymous
METHOD OF USING A COMPASSTo have a reading from a compass, these temporary adjustments are needed:(i) Centring: The compass needs to be fixed to the stand and set around the station. To centre the compass legs on the tripod stand should be moved inward-outward or in an circumferential direction. To check centring plumb works well or a pebble dropped around the centre of the compass.(ii) Levelling:...
22:03
Anonymous
OBJECT AND USES OF SURVEYINGAs stated in the definition, object of surveying is always to show relative positions of various objects of the area on paper and produce plan or map of this area. Various uses of surveying are down the page:(i) Plans prepared to file property lines of private, public and government lands help in avoiding unnecessary controversies.(ii) Routes prepared for marking boundaries...
22:01
Anonymous
COST EFFECTIVE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUESExtensive research and development works have been taken place at various research centres to work with local materials, waste materials and prefabricated structural components to reduce the price of construction. Some of the improved less expensive technology are listed below:1. Groundwork: Under reamed piles for foundations have been developed for housing in...
21:59
Anonymous
Requirement of good stairs and TypesStair give access from floor to be able to floor. The space/room housing stairs is called staircase. Stairs consists of quite a few steps arranged in a single flight or maybe more number of flights.The dependence on good stairs are(a) Width: 0. 9 m in residential buildings and 1. 5 meters to 2. 5 m in public places buildings.(b) Number of Steps in a very...
21:53
Anonymous
PLASTERINGApplying mortar coats for the surfaces of walls, columns, limit etc. to get smooth finish is called as plastering. Mortar used for plastering can be lime mortar, cement mortar as well as lime-cement mortar. Lime mortar used shall have fat lime to sand ratio of just one: 3 or 1: 4. If hydraulic lime can be used mix proportion (lime: sand) will be 1: 2. Cement mortar of just one: 4 or 1:...
21:50
Anonymous
Oversight of Stone Masonry Construction The next points should be kept in mind in supervising stone masonry work:1. Hard and durable pebbles, free from defects like imperfections, cavities veins etc. should double.2. Dressing of the stones ought to be as per the requirement.3. Stones should be properly wetted before they are used so as to avoid sucking of water from mortar.4. Stones should be...
21:47
Anonymous
BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF ANY BUILDINGThe planning and construction of the building should be aimed at fulfilling the next requirements:1. Strength and steadiness2. Dimensional stability3. Amount of resistance to dampness4. Resistance to help fire5. Heat insulation6. Noise insulation7. Protection against pest attack8. Durability9. Security against burglary10. Lighting in addition to ventilation11. Comforts...
21:43
Anonymous
VARNISHESVarnish may be the solution of resins or resinous materials like amber, copal, shellac, teeth resin etc. in solvents including oil, turpentile, alcohol etc. Based on the solvents used varnishes are usually classified as,oil varnishes, turpentile varnishes, character varnishes and water varnishes. The desirable characteristics associated with an ideal varnish are1. It will give glossy surface.2....
21:41
Anonymous
Varieties of PaintsVarieties of Paints Depending upon their constituents types of types of paints. A brief description of a lot of them which are commonly used are shown below:1. Oil Paint: These kind of paints are applied in 3 coats-primer, undercoat and finishing coat. The presence of dampness even though applying the primer adversely affect the life span of oil paint. This paint is cheap and all...
21:38
Anonymous
Use of PlasticsThere are variety of plastics made to suit various uses. The typical uses of plastics in buildings is listed below:1. Corrugated and plain sheets for roofing.2. For producing jointless flooring.3. Flooring tiles. 4. Overhead water tanks.5. Bathroom and sink units.6. Cistern lounge floats.7. Decorative laminates in addition to mouldings.8. Window and doorway frames and shutters...
21:37
Anonymous
Properties of Plastics1. Colour: Several plastics are completely transparent. Using pigments plastics of any attractive colour can be produced.2. Dimensional Stability: It really is dimensionally stable to a wonderful extent.3. Durability: Plastic offers great resistance to moisture and chemicals and hence more durable.4. Electrical Efficiency: The plastics possess excellent electrical insulating...
21:34
Anonymous
Types of PlasticsPlastic is an organic material prepared out regarding resin. It may or might not contain fillers, plasticisers and solvents. Plastic may be defined like a natural or synthetic organic material which can be having the property of staying plastic at some stage of their manufacture when they could be moulded to required size in addition to shape. Shellac and bitumen are this natural...
21:30
Anonymous
Types of Glass The glass may be broadly classified as:1. Soda-lime glass2. Potash lime glass3. Potash lead glass4. Common glass and5. Special glasses.1. Soda Lime Glass: It is mainly a mixture of sodium silicate and calcium silicate. It's fusible at low temperature. In the fusion condition it can be blown or welded easily. It's colourless. It is used as window panes and to the laboratory tubes and apparatus.2. Potash Lime Glass: It is mainly a mixture of potassium silicate and calcium silicate....
21:26
Anonymous
Properties of Glass Silica is the main ingredient of glass. But it will be added with sodium potassium carbonate to create down melting point. To help it become durable lime or lead oxide is additionally added. Manganese oxide is added to nullify the adverse effects of unwanted iron seen in the impure silica. The garbage are ground and sieved. There're mixed in specific proportion as well as...
21:24
Anonymous
Properties and Uses of Copper It is a naturally available metal such as ores which contain small number of iron and sulphur. After eliminating impurities, it is processed electrolytically for getting purest metal. This metal is almost indestructible. Copper scrap can be processed for getting original copper.Properties of Copper 1. It is having reddish brown colour. 2. Its composition...
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